Substrate Survivals

As far as linguistic analysis has been able to determine to date, these Vayoti words represent the most likely survivals from the language's pre-Indo-European substrate. No relationship has been identified of any kind between these words and any other Indo-European languages from any stage of the Indo-European development known to us.

izhabasni       almost, nearly
yesnivakh     bind (v)         

viklazi           boot (n)

arustignam   branch           

asmoruki       breast

evlusfur        bridge (n)      

afsignupri     cloud (n)       

emptiz          corner (n)     

ps'nemagov  cream (n)      

ps'nebochur  crop, harvest (n)

fefutri           finger (n)      

nizd'besen     gate    

shebohiz        grass  

ksoshtrapa   hip (n)                       

tegwiken        key (n)                      

pekrashwen  leather (n)    

punwarjo       muscle (n)    

blitsahashtur           music 

blitsahashturlaf       musical (ly)   

blitsahashtnur          musician

ozhdahisek                naked (ly)     

smisk'niz                   net (n)                       

ovz'kwifnen   peak, summit

arrnaka                     plate, dish (for food)

arrnakamish (irr.)   dish (prepared food)

arrnaks'tlur              recipe             

elibich'ko                   pocket (e.g., coat pocket)

otlabrisek                  pretty, cute, appealing (ly)

t'rekt'sk'pram          repentance

mupizhmen              road   

j'wildube                    roof    

pa'snev'yen               set, package, kit, apparatus, outfit, combination     

ipnisr'chiz                 shade (e.g., under a tree)  

wigluso                      shoe               

roglitur                      side                

umnresek                 slow (ly)        

v'zrisek                      soon, shortly

lazvurtam                 spot, stain, blemish, pimple

ovnumasek               superior (ly)   

sinimto                      tail  (i.e., animal's) 

ozr'gdam                   tent    

fevudri                      toe                 

jeral'pikam                tool                

itlasfosek                   ugly (ly)

stelchkra                   weapon

wah'yasek                  wild (ly)