pri friend
khristu Christ
vwirkha electricity
pitra father
mitra mother
bratra brother
shwatra sister
dritra uncle
drabra (male)
cousin
drashwa (female)
cousin
shuntra son
hugtra daughter
vada husband
mara wife
vripnu boy
gwivnu girl
vretra man
gwevra woman
fidta child
nikh person
khizne people
(multiplicity of persons; takes plural modifiers)
lukta (a)
people (nation), crowd, gathering of people
don (the) right (side)
din (the) left (side)
pnukni excrement
mnratriva memorization
mnrava (a)
thought, idea
mnrur memory, remembrance
hanva breath
halva travel
hintva wonder
kwasjiva kiss
hagyoti motion,
movement
s'yuva birth,
bearing of a child
lagweva cost
wirkto bear
hakhva ailment,
sickness
kudam paper
duwiz evil
mahafva forgiveness
vigov book
vanta speech
vayoti language;
Vayoti
bedanta faith
antyoti finality
mnranta thought,
thinking process, ratiocination
hagralava wealth
davelunta (one's own) birth (one's entry into the world)
ste a particle that marks:
1) an infinitive; 2) an adjective
ps
(-ps) a suffix emphasizing
the reflexive, self-referential connotation of a verb
gdu- a prefix which turns a
verb stem into a continuous adverbial participle: "(While) working"
zhdu- a prefix which turns a verb
stem into a perfect adverbial participle: "Having worked"
k'fen Who…?
jon a (singular indefinite
article)
jonts plural form of indefinite
article, "some"
to the (singular)
tots the (plural)
chu singular partitive
article, connoting "some of the"
chuts plural partitive article,
connoting "some of the"
sin this (animate,
singular; "this man, this woman")
sif this (inanimate,
singular; "this book, this house")
sints these (animate, plural;
"these people, these animals")
sifts these (inanimate, plural;
"these cars, these keys")
tan that (animate,
singular; "that man, that woman")
taf that (inanimate,
singular; "that glass, that stapler")
tants those (animate, plural;
"those people, those animals")
tafts those (inanimate, plural;
"those houses, those mountains")
ton the one
(substantive/subject, as in "The one who…"; animate, singular)
tonts the ones
(substantive/subject, as in "The ones who…"; animate, plural)
tof the one
(substantive/subject, as in "The one that…"; inanimate, singular)
tofts the ones
(substantive/subject, as in "The ones that…"; inanimate, plural)
ye there is, are, was,
were, will be (past and future tenses require time determinants)
banye negative
of ye
bre to shave
swe to persuade
hakh to ail, be sick
has to request
mnra to think, remember
mnratri to
memorize
hal to travel
lagwe to
earn, be worth
han to breathe
hankle to
bend
hapish take,
accept, receive, "embrace"
hatru fit,
go together, match, be in harmony
hagrala to
be rich
hundala to
be usual, customary, normal
kluvla to
be famous
pikala to
be beautiful, handsome
hint to wonder, be amazed
hikosu to
heal
wirtla to
become
kwasji to
kiss
bwi to be (infinitive and present
tense)
fwi past tense of "to
be"
basre "I
will be" (kasre, dasre, fasre, pasre, kasre,
tasre, vasre)
tasre, vasre)
heyak to
own
hakri to
contain
wagva to
increase
va to speak
vog to share
kamavi to
converse
s'yu to
give birth to, bear (with suffix –zhi: to be pregnant)
pitru to
sire, father (of)
kro to hurry, rush, press s.one
(this verb can only be transitive)
strezh to hurry, rush, press oneself
(only intransitive)
davelu to
be born, come into the world, start life
biyellu (with –zha) to experience, go through; (with -zho) to survive (an accident); (with –zhips) to survive (a person: "He survived his wife by 15 years")
vis likewise, as well
-ngar suffix meaning
"because of, on account of"
akhya already
lav okay,
all right
op or,
either…or (op…op) variant form: opa
banste "not
to", i.e., negative of the infinitive
sur when
(relative, as in "the day when…"; this is
not the question form)
not the question form)
opfat not
a thing, nothing at all
zhefts also,
and also
gasht each,
every
salorr all
a Oh
(vocative: "Oh Lord" = a kiren)
ao Woe! Ohhh!
yima yes
ea no
g'du'y'ma definitely (five syllables)
g'du'ea no way, absolutely not
tap quickly,
fast
swap again,
yet, yet again
ban without;
prohibitive particle with
imperative ("Don’t")
imperative ("Don’t")
gu that,
who, which (connects subject to verb: "The man who walked into the
room; the songs that touch my heart"; there is no equivalent in
Vayoti to the form of that/who(m)/which as
used in sentences like "The man whom I
Vayoti to the form of that/who(m)/which as
used in sentences like "The man whom I
saw; the songs that I
love"; the formulations in Vayoti
would be "The man I saw; the songs I love")
sensam together
k'mar like, as
kom with
ba'y' if
gela but
gar because
avor Well… Now… You know…
hag to
move (only intransitive)
mapsla to be (morally) right
prigar to love
klisne to hear
dweks to
show
kwispa to
appear, manifest
do to
give
kwispala to seem (used only in 3rd person, with
inanimate fe: "it seems to
me")
mahaf to forgive
votel to
want
ow'k to
approve, agree, assent, concur
ovamizenurala to be pedantic
prankala to have fun, enjoy/amuse oneself
fwetla to be glad, pleased
l'kala to be happy, carefree,
blithe, "light"
satnakala to be satisfied
gantkala to be deeply fulfilled, to know
joy
gavla to be exultant, thrilled,
excited
hristla to
be in ecstasy, ecstatic
e to
esteem, accord honor, respect
t'rekt'sk'pra to repent of, recant, consign, sentence,
put
away, exile, condemn, sever oneself from
away, exile, condemn, sever oneself from
tank to
feel (e.g., sad, lonely, happy, cold, tired, etc.)
beda to believe
bo I
ka you
(sg. and pl.)
di he,
she
fe it
po we
ti they
(animate)
ve they
(inanimate)
sri to/for
oneself (I bought it "sri", i.e., I bought it
for myself)
for myself)
blu my
klu your
dlu his,
her
flu its
plu our
(alternative form: uplu)
tlu their
(animate; alternate form: utlu)
vlu their
(inanimate; alternate form: uvlu)
slu one's,
one's own, "self's" (alternate form: sul)
-ksa possessive
ending, 's
-zn plural
ending
-zhor for
the sake of; on ____ part
-ps suffix
connoting "(very) own"
iteste so
that, in order that, in order to, that
prech interrogative
particle; alternate form: prechi
prechidur intensive form of prech; (Do you
really…?)
chidur cohortative, as in
"Shall we…?" "How about…?"
baps self,
oneself, alone (before subject, refers to
the independence of accomplishment or action; "I did it all by myself! "baps bo…"; anywhere else in
the independence of accomplishment or action; "I did it all by myself! "baps bo…"; anywhere else in
the
sentence, it refers to aloneness.)
zhun past
indefinite/perfect time determiner
shan past
continuous/imperfect time determiner
zwe future
indefinite/perfect time determiner
swi future
continuous/imperfect time determiner
zesh conditional
time determiner
-zho transitive
aspectual suffix
-zhi intransitive
aspectual suffix
-zha reflexive
aspectual suffix
-zhe emphatic
inceptive/incompletion aspectual suffix
-zhu emphatic
perfective aspectual suffix
avra gold
rumam room (part of a building)
chiz hand
hulkov metal
fera air
widur water
hrigur pride
bel good
egni fire
(the element)
dahur flame
kayur fire (a disaster, as in a
house fire)
woflen bonfire,
campfire, etc.
dromanta work
gwevanta life
yov seed
prigarva love
prigartiz lover
ow'kur an audible sign, indication
ow'tur a visible sign, indication
tuweha tribe
galnu knee
gilnu angle
vrukhyov rye
varsyov barley
vrodyov oat
mizyov corn
menkhyov wheat
iden the
same, very same one
sa'y'dov world
kefur beginning
malva word
edwo God,
god
zhef and
vatur story, tale, account, fable
wirdo future
dakhkhur tongue
hamnriz skin
hama coat
merchen murk
bearga mountain (be-ar-ga; three
syllables)
brokiz badger
hasam hare
agensur island
fagnov secretary
kwelma hill
ka'y'ta countryside
ementa meadow
pidokhva hope
bedanta faith
anta end
antyoti finality
banantyoti endlessness
bus one
kus two
dus three
fus four
gus five
pus six
sus seven
tus eight
vus nine
zus ten
zebus eleven
zekus twelve
zedus thirteen
zefus fourteen
zegus fifteen
zepus sixteen
zesus seventeen
zetus eighteen
zevus nineteen
kezus twenty
dezus thirty
fezus forty
gezus fifty
pezus sixty
sezus seventy
tezus eighty
vezus ninety
zezus (one)
hundred
kizzus two hundred
dizzus three hundred
fizzus four hundred
gizzus five hundred
pizzus six hundred
sizzus seven hundred
tizzus eight hundred
vizzus nine hundred
zizzus (one) thousand
zibezus 1100
zikezus 1200
zidezus 1300
zifezus 1400
zigezus 1500
zipezus 1600
zisezus 1700
zitezus 1800
zivezus 1900
kikus 2000
didus 3000
fifus 4000
gigus 5000
pipus 6000
sisus 7000
titus 8000
vivus 9000
bust first
(likewise, change the final "s" to "st" to change any cardinal
number to an ordinal number: bust, kust,
dust, fust, gust, etc.)
klakhi half
dukhi a
third
fukhi a
fourth, a quarter
gukhi a
fifth
zebukhi one eleventh
kezukhi one twentieth
dezukhi one thirtieth
menk very,
very much
manga much, many, a lot of
vekh away
luktalaf popular (as in
"of the populace"), national, folk
mnrasek thoughtful,
pensive
hintsek wonderful
vwirkhasek electric
vretrasek male
gwevrasek female
prisek friendly
lagwesek expensive, costly
plerkis full
mekris big
m'yukis little, small
s'karkis short (in height or length)
latskis round
gwilakis heavy
leshkis light
lashsek easy
milshek difficult
m'yarkis soft
harkis hard
rakis hard
delkis long
t'nukis thin
prufskis cold
(freezing cold)
gilkis cold
veskis cool
stelinkis lukewarm
zherkis warm
grakis hot
pruzhakis hot (burning hot)
kenkis new
serkis free
(in terms of liberty)
entkis huge
vigovlaf bookish
kudamlaf paper (attributive adjective)
duwizlaf evil
mnrurlaf memorable
prigarsek loveable, lovely
prigarlaf loving
kwispalaf apparent, obvious
kwispalasek apparent, seeming
merchenlaf murky
nikhlaf human,
humane
ifwed under
idru between
(between…and…=idru…idru…)
ites to, toward
ival on (enveloping, like a
glove on a hand, clothing on a body, coating on a pill; if your hand is in a bucket of water,
the water is "ival" your
hand)
araf in (only in the
complementary sense to ival: the hand is araf the glove; the hand is araf the bucket of water);
of (in the sense "characterized by", e.g., "a feeling of
peace")
idel along
(including sense like "down the street;up the street")
gani past, by ("He walked
past/by the house")
ilu through
(as in "through a cylinder, a tunnel, a needle's eye", but not
"through the forest")
inel along (the surface of)
teral, t'ral across
("He walked across the street, the room")
ina on (the surface of)
isa in
(not including the sense "into", and not including senses covered by
"araf")
itar through, by means of
("through the forest, through the years, through faith, through hard work")
ige next to, by, at
(standing next to/by/at the door)
ipra by (followed by a noun
or pronoun, indicating agency, e.g., "painted by me; written by John")
hirsh behind
sherev in front of
tanur, tanur after (in terms of
time, not space)
avnur before
(in terms of time, not space)
supri over
turi around
id, ida from (a country, a person;
also "out of"/"of" as in "one of the reasons",
"came out of the
room")
apo off, off of
spigra throughout, here and there,
at places in
idral apart, out (as in
"spread out")
ineg against, opposed to,
"con" (as in "pro and con")
ipos for, in favor of,
"pro" (as in "pro and con")
if against
(as in "against the wall" or "contending against an
illness")
fi for
("a gift for you", "do it for me", "you can buy it for
a dollar")
kom with
ik concerning,
relative to, regarding, at (in the sense, "We were fearful at the sound of
the thunder";
as to, as for
itsa into
itna onto
da about
(conceptually, not spatially)
par by
(before a verb, as in "by doing")
t'rur during, while
("During the war…; While I was waiting…")
deg since
(re: time only; "Since 1970, I've lived in Paris")
o, oa since (re: cause,
condition, basis, premise; "Since they're here, we can begin")
igge at
(an action), in the process of (followed by verb: "I saw him igge walking")
opid while, though, although
nizi down
uver up
ast at
(located at, present at)
dadis out
suwit to satiate
weryit to
writhe
kor to
happen, take place, occur, be realized, to
come about
come about
wolna to fool, to play a trick on
m'gla to be able (an ala-verb)
khris to
anoint, endue with (kom)
sprev to
strew, spray
sef to
plant
seb to
sift (transitive); to seep (intransitive)
idla to be the same/same
thing (an ala-verb)
pitru to father, sire
gra to
play (e.g., games)
bani to play (music)
swanti to sound (in every sense)
agn'g'no to isolate; to confine; to
imprison; to quarantine
gezn to
get, receive (passively, from an active source: "I got a phone call")
hapish to take, accept, receive,
embrace, endorse (active reception from active source: "I
accept/embrace your idea")
berr to
take (to), convey, bring, transport, transmit ("Take this to Mary")
nem to
take (from, away from, out of; active taking from a passive or unwilling
source: "He took the pen from his
pocket; he took my keys away from me")
heyaktu owned (participle from heyak)
prigartu loved, beloved
mahafsek forgiving (modifier)
wolnatu fooled, tricked
hankletu bent
hakritu contained
vatu spoken
hastu requested
mnratritu memorized
swetu persuaded,
convinced
hapishtu taken
lagwetu earned
mahaftu forgiven
votelsek desirable
vigovlaf bookish
duwizlaf evil
mnrurlaf memorable
grasek playful
shantkis pretty,
nice-looking
swordkis black,
swarthy, dark
glurlaf transparent
safenlaf clear, obvious,
plain, manifest
chansamlaf dire, critical, grievous, woeful; emergency (attributive)
drokis dark
(absence of light)
prankalasek fun
evri Mister,
sir
egwi Madam,
Mrs, ma'am
varontiz bread
kiren lord,
Lord
satnakalava satisfaction
khizneyoti humanity, mankind
knov nut
ksam desert
fnam sneeze
(noun)
gnur riddle
smen hymn,
ode, paean
spov foam,
lather, spume
sfen spoon
skiz knife
vnur wound
(noun); to wound
shtiz type,
kind, sort
kniz plot,
conspiracy
ksur meeting,
session
fnov snore
(noun); to snore
gnen expert
smiz ax;
to ax (cut with an ax)
snov spouse
spam sponge
sfur spit;
to spit
skov shadow
vnen poison,
venom, (evil) potion; to poison
shtam place
(noun)
gweltiz messenger, courrier, angel
gwelyoti message,
communication, transmission, broadcast
horven inheritance
horpiz orphan
hobri slave
karha city
g'yuno town
wiksa village
palur capital
horval authority
lanle ship (noun)
pakva pay,
salary, remuneration, compensation
rudur thing
k'driya chair
pikalava beauty
kluvlava fame
fa'y'lis light
ow'kva agreement, consent, approval
ow'tva signature
